Monday, May 30, 2011
What Happened in The Garden?
What was this tree of the knowledge of good and evil? Or was the knowledge “from the tree of the discernment of function and dysfunction you will not eat from him given that in the day you eat from him a dying you will die.” RMT Was it an actual fruit that Chavah ate or were her eyes open to sinful sexual pleasures? The English words "good" and "evil" (or bad) do not completely convey the Hebraic meaning of the word tov and ra which are more related to the function of a person, place or thing rather than their appearance or morality as implied in the English. So, could we safely assume that the function of Chavah could have been a sexual one when she encountered Satan, because according to many ancient sources and the New Testament her first born son “Kayin” (Cain) was the offspring of the evil one!.
Kayin, was said to be "of the wicked one" (in I John 3:12).
According to certain teachings the serpent (Azazel, Nachash, and/or Sammael), seduce Chavah and she became pregnant and Kayin is the product of this union. 4:1 AND Adam knew Chavah his wife; and she conceived, and bare Kayin, and said, I have gotten a man from the LORD. 2 And she again bares his brother Abel. Here we can see that Kayin and Abel where twins because the word said that Adam knew his wife and bore the two sons. It was until Seth that Adam knew is wife again.
Nowhere in the Bible does it say that Kayin nor Abel were Adam's son, nor were they listed in any genealogies of Adam (Genesis 5:1) so where does this leave Abel? The book of Jude states that “Enoch also, the seventh from Adam”…." Jude 1:14. In order for Enoch to be consider seventh from Adam you must include Abel being righteous before YAHUWAH and his sacrifice was accepted surely YAHUWAH would not exclude Abel. Without Abel being counted Enoch would be the sixth from Adam but, on the other hand, when looking at Kayin, the scripture says that Kayin is said to be "of the wicked one" ( I John 3:12). The Bible even states the third son born to Chavah, Seth, was the first child born to her that actually resembled Adam (Genesis 5:3)! Could the first two offspring of the Bible possess the blood of someone else? Let’s look closer to examine the scriptures and other teachings, in the King James Version of 1611 of the bible and other books as well as a book called the Zohar also known as the (the Book of Splendor).
The Zohar was written in Castile in the last third of the 13th century and is first quoted in kabbalistic works after 1291. The main author of the work was R. Moses de Leon, but two sections, Ra'aya Mehemna ("Loyal Shepherd," meaning Moses) and Tikkuné ha-Zohar, were written by a later anonymous kabbalist early in the 14th century). One of the motives for its publication was messianic: the belief, founded in some sections of the Zohar itself, that the knowledge of the Zohar is part of the Messianic process. The Zohar joined the Bible and Talmud in the triad of the most sacred books of Judaism.
The Zohar states "... the members of the mixed multitude are the children of the primordial (Primordial: 1 a: first created or developed: primeval 1 b: existing in or persisting from the beginning) serpent that seduced Chavah (Eve) by the tree of knowledge of good and evil, so the mixed multitude is indeed the impurity that the serpent injected into Chavah. From this impurity, which is considered the mixed multitude, Kayin (Cain) came forth and slew Hevel (Abel)..." (The Zohar: 2 Beresheet a28)
This teaching is acknowledged by Genesis 15 and I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.
Those who have blood of the serpent and other fallen angels would go on to form what was known as "mixed multitudes". The conflict between the morals, religious beliefs, and ways of life of these mixed groups would continually oppose those who descended from Adam to this very day, for the reasons above. This would go on to form one of the most important conflicts in human history: Genesis 6:1 AND it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them, 2 That the sons of YAHUWAH saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose. 4 There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of YAHUWAH came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown.
When we look at Genesis 3 KJV 1611
Genesis 3:1.NOW the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which the LORD YAHUWAH had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath YAHUWAH said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden? 2 And the woman said unto the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden: 3 But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, YAHUWAH hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die. 4 And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die: 5 For YAHUWAH doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as YAHUWAH, knowing good and evil. 6 And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat. 7 And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons.
Why did they cover themselves? What made Adam say that we were naked? What had happen that they became ashamed of their appearance and began to cover themselves. Was it that Chavah was covering her belly? Immediately following in Chapter 4 states that Adam knew his wife and she conceived.
4:1. AND Adam knew Chavah his wife; and she conceived, and bare Kayin, and said, I have gotten a man from the LORD.
To many people this is proof positive Adam had sex with his wife, and was the father of Kayin. The word knew, if we examine the original Hebrew in this verse, does have the meaning of "sex" (which makes it easy to assume they copulated). This word, however, could also stand for something totally different.
The word knew actually comes from two Hebrew words: yada and eth. The word yada not only means to "have carnal sex with", but also "to recognize", "discern", and acknowledge". The word eth is untranslatable in English, but generally relates to "a sign", "a distinguishing mark", or "omen". From these other meanings, we could reconstruct the verse into the following:
"And Adam eventually acknowledged the distinguishing sign that had come upon Chavah..."Genesis 4:1 (KJV)
Also, the Hebrew word for conceived (in the above English translation) could mean "to already be with child". Put them all together and we gather another possible verse: Strong’s Concordance 2030 הָרָה harah (haw-reh') child (5), conceive (2), pregnant (3), pregnant woman (1), pregnant women (1), and woman with child (1), women (1), women who were with child (1), and women with child (1).
Having this understanding we could safely say that, "And Adam eventually acknowledged the distinguishing sign that had come upon Chavah; that she was with child, and realized she was about to give birth to Kayin..." Genesis 4:1 (KJV)
Now, let’s turn toward the rest of the scripture Genesis 4:1, I have gotten a man from the LORD. It possible to say that when Chavah saw Kayin she thought she had gotten him from somewhere beyond her world.
At this point, I will quote a few passages which most of the anti-seedliners claim are “Jewish” sources, and according to them should be discredited along with and including the Talmud. Inasmuch as the Torah & Old Testament are the first volume of the Talmud, then by their perverted line-of-reasoning we would have to discard the entire Old Testament from our Bibles. (How absurd!) First, in the Aramaic Targum (Aramaic was merely one of the languages which Messiah and his disciples knew), called pseudo-Jonathan, on Genesis 3:6, which is unique inasmuch as it identifies the angel Sammael as the “ serpent ”:
“And the woman saw Sammael, the angel of death, and she was afraid and knew that the tree was good for food, and that it was a remedy for the enlightenment of the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise. She took of its fruit and ate and also gave (it) to her husband and he ate.”
Again, they will also condemn the Aramaic Targum pseudo-Jonathan, on Genesis 4:1 “And Adam knew that his wife Chavah had conceived from Sammael the Angel (of death) and she became pregnant and bore Kayin. And he was like those on high and not like those below. And she said: ‘I have got a man from the angel of the LORD.”
This rendition of Genesis 4:1 is interesting, for it speaks of the “angel of death” plus “like those on high” and “like those below.” This seems to accord with John 8:23, where Yehushua told the Canaanite variety of “Jews”: “... Ye are from beneath; and I am from above: ye are of this world; I am not of this world.”
Satan was on high until his fall, when he fell like lightning; Luke 10:18. The Palestinian Targum to Genesis 4:1: “And Adam knew his wife Chavah, who had desired the Angel; and she conceived, and bare Kayin; and she said, I have acquired a man, the angel of the Lord ...”
In another Rabbinic work: Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer, 21: “And she saw that his likeness was not of earthly beings, but of the heavenly beings, and she prophesied and said: I have gotten a man from the Lord.”
It would appear from those references that the problem with Genesis 4:1 is an omission of some of the words of the Hebrew text. I will now quote Genesis 4:1 from the King James Version and I will add the potentially needed words in italics from the Targum of Jonathan so it will make some sense:
“And Adam knew his wife Chavah, who was pregnant by Sammael, and she conceived and bare Kayin, and he was like the heavenly beings, and not like earthly beings, and she said, I have gotten a man from the angel of the Lord.”
While one might not like the source of the Aramaic Targums, still he must concede that this evidence brings the Scriptures into context, and many Hebrew scholars recognize this. One such scholar is Clarke’s Commentary, volume 1, page 58, and he suggests
a contextual problem with Genesis 4:1 as opposed to 1 John 3:12, and being aware that the meaning of the Greek word “wicked ” in this instance means “ Satan ” says the following: “... Unless she had been under Divine inspiration she could not have called her son (even supposing him to be the promised seed) Jehovah; and that she was not under such an influence her mistake sufficiently proves, for Kayin, so far [remote] from being the Messiah, was of the wicked one; I John 3:12. Could it also mean that it was time for Kayin to be born, and Adam understood it? See how easily verses could be mistranslated when people assume they should say something a certain way?
As the rest of the verse states, Chavah exclaims: "I have gotten a man from the LORD" (Genesis 4:1). According to the New Jerusalem Translation, the verse translates from the Hebrew a little differently: "... I have gotten a man from an angel of the LORD."
"An angel of the LORD"- we must remember that when Chavah saw Satan it was before the curse in Genesis 3:14-15, he was in his original state,
According to the Book of Ezekiel 28 12-14 "Son of man, take up a lamentation upon the king of Tyrus, and say unto him, Thus saith the Lord YAHUWAH; Thou sealest up the sum, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty." 13 Thou hast been in Eden the garden of YAHUWAH; every precious stone was thy covering, the sardius, topaz, and the diamond, the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the emerald, and the carbuncle, and gold: the workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy pipes was prepared in thee in the day that thou wast created. 14 Thou art the anointed cherub that covereth; and I have set thee so: thou wast upon the holy mountain of YAHUWAH; thou hast walked up and down in the midst of the stones of fire."
So when Chavah looked upon Satan he was beautiful and his appearance was of the angel of light, he still had his wings and was a fallen angel of the garden (not a changed serpent yet), with this understanding one could make the statement true that Chavah said that “I have gotten a man for an angel of the Lord.” Apparently Chavah thought so because, Kayin apparently carried on the attributes of his father and was someone very significant. Also we must remember that the word of YAHUWAH says that it had not rained upon the earth because there was no man to till the ground and Kayin was a tiller of the ground. Lucifer was created perfect in all his ways, but iniquity was found in him.( this is found in Ezekiel 28:15 ) Like man, the angels were created perfect, and with a free will. Satan was lifted up because of his beauty; he corrupted the wisdom by reason of his brightness (This is in Ezekiel 28:17) this is why it was easy for Kayin to murder his brother Abel.
THE GENESIS 3:15 & 4:1 CONNECTION
Unless Genesis 4:1 is properly comprehended, one simply will not be able to grasp Genesis 3:14-15. Before delving into this second passage, let’s take a look at it in the KJV: “ 14 And YAHUWAH said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life: 15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel
When revisiting Genesis 3:15 we see YAHUWAH setting into place, most important in prophecies of the Bible: The verse is a little complex; divided into two parts. First, it states the seeds (or descendants) of the serpent (mixed multitude are the children of the primordial serpent) will be at enmity with the seeds of Chavah. The serpent's seed would form into one bloodline, Adam's pure, whole seed into another
The second part simply was a prediction about Yehushua himself, and how he (a member of Chavah's seed) would eventually bruise the serpent's head, but members of the serpent seed would only be able to bruise the heel of Yehushua. In other words, by crucifying him on the cross, there would be descendants of the serpent who would only be able to bruise Jesus’ "heel", but Yehushua would become victorious in the end. By raising himself from the dead, Yehushua would defeat the serpent's curse of death on the world, and rectify the curse of death Adam and Chavah brought to the world - he would crush the serpent's power, or head.
If Yehushua was from the true seed of Adam and Chavah, which the Bible clearly stated, then this prophecy would be fulfilled upon his death, burial and resurrection. The seeds of the serpent, throughout history, would possess an enmity with the blood line that would lead to Yehushua and his teachings from then on. If Kayin (and probably others) indeed had the blood (or seed) of the serpent then his descendants would, naturally, be up in arms against anything that is truly, purely, of Yehushua, and of YAHUWAH.
Written by Hebrew writer
Chaviva Dalit- shalom553@yahoo.com
Kayin, was said to be "of the wicked one" (in I John 3:12).
According to certain teachings the serpent (Azazel, Nachash, and/or Sammael), seduce Chavah and she became pregnant and Kayin is the product of this union. 4:1 AND Adam knew Chavah his wife; and she conceived, and bare Kayin, and said, I have gotten a man from the LORD. 2 And she again bares his brother Abel. Here we can see that Kayin and Abel where twins because the word said that Adam knew his wife and bore the two sons. It was until Seth that Adam knew is wife again.
Nowhere in the Bible does it say that Kayin nor Abel were Adam's son, nor were they listed in any genealogies of Adam (Genesis 5:1) so where does this leave Abel? The book of Jude states that “Enoch also, the seventh from Adam”…." Jude 1:14. In order for Enoch to be consider seventh from Adam you must include Abel being righteous before YAHUWAH and his sacrifice was accepted surely YAHUWAH would not exclude Abel. Without Abel being counted Enoch would be the sixth from Adam but, on the other hand, when looking at Kayin, the scripture says that Kayin is said to be "of the wicked one" ( I John 3:12). The Bible even states the third son born to Chavah, Seth, was the first child born to her that actually resembled Adam (Genesis 5:3)! Could the first two offspring of the Bible possess the blood of someone else? Let’s look closer to examine the scriptures and other teachings, in the King James Version of 1611 of the bible and other books as well as a book called the Zohar also known as the (the Book of Splendor).
The Zohar was written in Castile in the last third of the 13th century and is first quoted in kabbalistic works after 1291. The main author of the work was R. Moses de Leon, but two sections, Ra'aya Mehemna ("Loyal Shepherd," meaning Moses) and Tikkuné ha-Zohar, were written by a later anonymous kabbalist early in the 14th century). One of the motives for its publication was messianic: the belief, founded in some sections of the Zohar itself, that the knowledge of the Zohar is part of the Messianic process. The Zohar joined the Bible and Talmud in the triad of the most sacred books of Judaism.
The Zohar states "... the members of the mixed multitude are the children of the primordial (Primordial: 1 a: first created or developed: primeval 1 b: existing in or persisting from the beginning) serpent that seduced Chavah (Eve) by the tree of knowledge of good and evil, so the mixed multitude is indeed the impurity that the serpent injected into Chavah. From this impurity, which is considered the mixed multitude, Kayin (Cain) came forth and slew Hevel (Abel)..." (The Zohar: 2 Beresheet a28)
This teaching is acknowledged by Genesis 15 and I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.
Those who have blood of the serpent and other fallen angels would go on to form what was known as "mixed multitudes". The conflict between the morals, religious beliefs, and ways of life of these mixed groups would continually oppose those who descended from Adam to this very day, for the reasons above. This would go on to form one of the most important conflicts in human history: Genesis 6:1 AND it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them, 2 That the sons of YAHUWAH saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose. 4 There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of YAHUWAH came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown.
When we look at Genesis 3 KJV 1611
Genesis 3:1.NOW the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which the LORD YAHUWAH had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath YAHUWAH said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden? 2 And the woman said unto the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden: 3 But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, YAHUWAH hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die. 4 And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die: 5 For YAHUWAH doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as YAHUWAH, knowing good and evil. 6 And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat. 7 And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons.
Why did they cover themselves? What made Adam say that we were naked? What had happen that they became ashamed of their appearance and began to cover themselves. Was it that Chavah was covering her belly? Immediately following in Chapter 4 states that Adam knew his wife and she conceived.
4:1. AND Adam knew Chavah his wife; and she conceived, and bare Kayin, and said, I have gotten a man from the LORD.
To many people this is proof positive Adam had sex with his wife, and was the father of Kayin. The word knew, if we examine the original Hebrew in this verse, does have the meaning of "sex" (which makes it easy to assume they copulated). This word, however, could also stand for something totally different.
The word knew actually comes from two Hebrew words: yada and eth. The word yada not only means to "have carnal sex with", but also "to recognize", "discern", and acknowledge". The word eth is untranslatable in English, but generally relates to "a sign", "a distinguishing mark", or "omen". From these other meanings, we could reconstruct the verse into the following:
"And Adam eventually acknowledged the distinguishing sign that had come upon Chavah..."Genesis 4:1 (KJV)
Also, the Hebrew word for conceived (in the above English translation) could mean "to already be with child". Put them all together and we gather another possible verse: Strong’s Concordance 2030 הָרָה harah (haw-reh') child (5), conceive (2), pregnant (3), pregnant woman (1), pregnant women (1), and woman with child (1), women (1), women who were with child (1), and women with child (1).
Having this understanding we could safely say that, "And Adam eventually acknowledged the distinguishing sign that had come upon Chavah; that she was with child, and realized she was about to give birth to Kayin..." Genesis 4:1 (KJV)
Now, let’s turn toward the rest of the scripture Genesis 4:1, I have gotten a man from the LORD. It possible to say that when Chavah saw Kayin she thought she had gotten him from somewhere beyond her world.
At this point, I will quote a few passages which most of the anti-seedliners claim are “Jewish” sources, and according to them should be discredited along with and including the Talmud. Inasmuch as the Torah & Old Testament are the first volume of the Talmud, then by their perverted line-of-reasoning we would have to discard the entire Old Testament from our Bibles. (How absurd!) First, in the Aramaic Targum (Aramaic was merely one of the languages which Messiah and his disciples knew), called pseudo-Jonathan, on Genesis 3:6, which is unique inasmuch as it identifies the angel Sammael as the “ serpent ”:
“And the woman saw Sammael, the angel of death, and she was afraid and knew that the tree was good for food, and that it was a remedy for the enlightenment of the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise. She took of its fruit and ate and also gave (it) to her husband and he ate.”
Again, they will also condemn the Aramaic Targum pseudo-Jonathan, on Genesis 4:1 “And Adam knew that his wife Chavah had conceived from Sammael the Angel (of death) and she became pregnant and bore Kayin. And he was like those on high and not like those below. And she said: ‘I have got a man from the angel of the LORD.”
This rendition of Genesis 4:1 is interesting, for it speaks of the “angel of death” plus “like those on high” and “like those below.” This seems to accord with John 8:23, where Yehushua told the Canaanite variety of “Jews”: “... Ye are from beneath; and I am from above: ye are of this world; I am not of this world.”
Satan was on high until his fall, when he fell like lightning; Luke 10:18. The Palestinian Targum to Genesis 4:1: “And Adam knew his wife Chavah, who had desired the Angel; and she conceived, and bare Kayin; and she said, I have acquired a man, the angel of the Lord ...”
In another Rabbinic work: Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer, 21: “And she saw that his likeness was not of earthly beings, but of the heavenly beings, and she prophesied and said: I have gotten a man from the Lord.”
It would appear from those references that the problem with Genesis 4:1 is an omission of some of the words of the Hebrew text. I will now quote Genesis 4:1 from the King James Version and I will add the potentially needed words in italics from the Targum of Jonathan so it will make some sense:
“And Adam knew his wife Chavah, who was pregnant by Sammael, and she conceived and bare Kayin, and he was like the heavenly beings, and not like earthly beings, and she said, I have gotten a man from the angel of the Lord.”
While one might not like the source of the Aramaic Targums, still he must concede that this evidence brings the Scriptures into context, and many Hebrew scholars recognize this. One such scholar is Clarke’s Commentary, volume 1, page 58, and he suggests
a contextual problem with Genesis 4:1 as opposed to 1 John 3:12, and being aware that the meaning of the Greek word “wicked ” in this instance means “ Satan ” says the following: “... Unless she had been under Divine inspiration she could not have called her son (even supposing him to be the promised seed) Jehovah; and that she was not under such an influence her mistake sufficiently proves, for Kayin, so far [remote] from being the Messiah, was of the wicked one; I John 3:12. Could it also mean that it was time for Kayin to be born, and Adam understood it? See how easily verses could be mistranslated when people assume they should say something a certain way?
As the rest of the verse states, Chavah exclaims: "I have gotten a man from the LORD" (Genesis 4:1). According to the New Jerusalem Translation, the verse translates from the Hebrew a little differently: "... I have gotten a man from an angel of the LORD."
"An angel of the LORD"- we must remember that when Chavah saw Satan it was before the curse in Genesis 3:14-15, he was in his original state,
According to the Book of Ezekiel 28 12-14 "Son of man, take up a lamentation upon the king of Tyrus, and say unto him, Thus saith the Lord YAHUWAH; Thou sealest up the sum, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty." 13 Thou hast been in Eden the garden of YAHUWAH; every precious stone was thy covering, the sardius, topaz, and the diamond, the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the emerald, and the carbuncle, and gold: the workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy pipes was prepared in thee in the day that thou wast created. 14 Thou art the anointed cherub that covereth; and I have set thee so: thou wast upon the holy mountain of YAHUWAH; thou hast walked up and down in the midst of the stones of fire."
So when Chavah looked upon Satan he was beautiful and his appearance was of the angel of light, he still had his wings and was a fallen angel of the garden (not a changed serpent yet), with this understanding one could make the statement true that Chavah said that “I have gotten a man for an angel of the Lord.” Apparently Chavah thought so because, Kayin apparently carried on the attributes of his father and was someone very significant. Also we must remember that the word of YAHUWAH says that it had not rained upon the earth because there was no man to till the ground and Kayin was a tiller of the ground. Lucifer was created perfect in all his ways, but iniquity was found in him.( this is found in Ezekiel 28:15 ) Like man, the angels were created perfect, and with a free will. Satan was lifted up because of his beauty; he corrupted the wisdom by reason of his brightness (This is in Ezekiel 28:17) this is why it was easy for Kayin to murder his brother Abel.
THE GENESIS 3:15 & 4:1 CONNECTION
Unless Genesis 4:1 is properly comprehended, one simply will not be able to grasp Genesis 3:14-15. Before delving into this second passage, let’s take a look at it in the KJV: “ 14 And YAHUWAH said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life: 15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel
When revisiting Genesis 3:15 we see YAHUWAH setting into place, most important in prophecies of the Bible: The verse is a little complex; divided into two parts. First, it states the seeds (or descendants) of the serpent (mixed multitude are the children of the primordial serpent) will be at enmity with the seeds of Chavah. The serpent's seed would form into one bloodline, Adam's pure, whole seed into another
The second part simply was a prediction about Yehushua himself, and how he (a member of Chavah's seed) would eventually bruise the serpent's head, but members of the serpent seed would only be able to bruise the heel of Yehushua. In other words, by crucifying him on the cross, there would be descendants of the serpent who would only be able to bruise Jesus’ "heel", but Yehushua would become victorious in the end. By raising himself from the dead, Yehushua would defeat the serpent's curse of death on the world, and rectify the curse of death Adam and Chavah brought to the world - he would crush the serpent's power, or head.
If Yehushua was from the true seed of Adam and Chavah, which the Bible clearly stated, then this prophecy would be fulfilled upon his death, burial and resurrection. The seeds of the serpent, throughout history, would possess an enmity with the blood line that would lead to Yehushua and his teachings from then on. If Kayin (and probably others) indeed had the blood (or seed) of the serpent then his descendants would, naturally, be up in arms against anything that is truly, purely, of Yehushua, and of YAHUWAH.
Written by Hebrew writer
Chaviva Dalit- shalom553@yahoo.com
Sunday, May 29, 2011
Our Identity and Our Name
It is interesting and enlightening to find out the meaning of a "name." I was doing some research and found out that, the name that some of my ancestors loved and some despised really meant the same thing in later times. The name happens to be Negro. In the days following captivity many freed chattel slaves were called "Negros" which just happens to mean "black". Of course we all know that a large majority of freed chattel slaves were, and retained their natural black or very dark brown skin color. Although there were also a large number of chattel slaves who were of various light brown to white complexions, they were also classified as Negros. They were not thought of as whites because they belonged to the chattel slave class even though they were of mixed heritage with some being able to pass as whites themselves they were not able to acculturate into mainstream society right after the emancipation, unless they received help from their father’s who had the ability to send them either to the East Coast or Europe where they could make a new start. The variation in their skin color occurred as a result of the continued generational rape of female slaves by the plantation owners during this time period. By the time of the 1960's and the civil rights movement, American's who were the descendants of those freed chattel slaves no longer wanted to be called Negros or Coloreds, but preferred simply to be called “black”. Later in more recent times "Blacks in America have chosen to be called "African Americans" because we were told continually that we were Africans. Many older Blacks do not like this name “African American” and still prefer to be called Blacks”, “Colored”, or Negro depending on their age group. However, academically the name African American is used as the politically correct term when speaking of the group as a whole.
Very recently I have come to understand that neither of these names is correct for the group of people that I belong to. According to Deuteronomy 28 and Leviticus 26 we are the rebellious house of Judah, and we were taken captive into Egypt in ships ie. “And the LORD shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships, by the way whereof I spake unto thee, Thou shalt see it no more again: and there ye shall be sold unto your enemies for bondmen and bondwomen, and no man shall buy you. Deuteronomy 28:68
( ie. the Transatlantic Slave Ships). The proper name for our group is Hebrews or the descendants of Jacob. It always bothered me when I read that HAM was the father of the black races excluding the "NEGRO". It also always bothered me when I read or heard historical documentaries about Africans in Africa and always the narrator was clear to point out that these African tribes were not the "negro". At first I was offended because I saw black people and assumed that I had to fit into on of those African groups at least by ancestry right? Wrong. HAM the youngest some of NOAH was the progenitor of the black races it says in the Zondervan Bible dictionary, those nations being: ancient Egypt (Mizraim), Ethiopia (Cush), Phut (Lybia) and Canaan (The Canaanites of the Scriptures). But the Zondervan Bible dictionary is very clear that HAM was “NOT” the progenitor of the "NEGRO" And we know that Japheth who was the progenitor of the White races was definitely not the progenitor of the "NEGRO" Then it only stands to reason that the Negro is the Hebrew that comes from the family of SHEM-through his son Arphacshad("healer," "releaser") אַרְפַּכְשַׁד- his son Shelach-his son Ever(Hebrew)-his son Peleg-his son Re'U-his son S'rug-his son Nachor-his son Avram(Avraham)-his son Yitzack-his son Jaacoq-his son Judah progenitor of the (Negro's of today.) But when you read the curses that the Father put upon us for our rebellious deeds, here in Deuteronomy 28:37 “And thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword, among all nations whither the LORD shall lead thee”. This verse explains the reason why no one has been able to call us by or true names around the world. There is no other nation on the earth that has continually been redefined by a name. But there is a very bright spot of hope at the end of all this tragedy. The Father is awakening his people, we are recognizing who we are, and whose we are and are beginning to fulfill 2 Chronicles 7:14. He has made an everlasting covenant with our father Avraham and had promised to turn our captivity. So in the restoration of Israel the Father will heal us of our backslidings, give us a new heart and put His spirit in us, and we will again be known by our true name. This gives me so much hope. He will also gather those nations that love and serve Him and add us together and give us all a new name. Blessings and Shalom
Very recently I have come to understand that neither of these names is correct for the group of people that I belong to. According to Deuteronomy 28 and Leviticus 26 we are the rebellious house of Judah, and we were taken captive into Egypt in ships ie. “And the LORD shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships, by the way whereof I spake unto thee, Thou shalt see it no more again: and there ye shall be sold unto your enemies for bondmen and bondwomen, and no man shall buy you. Deuteronomy 28:68
( ie. the Transatlantic Slave Ships). The proper name for our group is Hebrews or the descendants of Jacob. It always bothered me when I read that HAM was the father of the black races excluding the "NEGRO". It also always bothered me when I read or heard historical documentaries about Africans in Africa and always the narrator was clear to point out that these African tribes were not the "negro". At first I was offended because I saw black people and assumed that I had to fit into on of those African groups at least by ancestry right? Wrong. HAM the youngest some of NOAH was the progenitor of the black races it says in the Zondervan Bible dictionary, those nations being: ancient Egypt (Mizraim), Ethiopia (Cush), Phut (Lybia) and Canaan (The Canaanites of the Scriptures). But the Zondervan Bible dictionary is very clear that HAM was “NOT” the progenitor of the "NEGRO" And we know that Japheth who was the progenitor of the White races was definitely not the progenitor of the "NEGRO" Then it only stands to reason that the Negro is the Hebrew that comes from the family of SHEM-through his son Arphacshad("healer," "releaser") אַרְפַּכְשַׁד- his son Shelach-his son Ever(Hebrew)-his son Peleg-his son Re'U-his son S'rug-his son Nachor-his son Avram(Avraham)-his son Yitzack-his son Jaacoq-his son Judah progenitor of the (Negro's of today.) But when you read the curses that the Father put upon us for our rebellious deeds, here in Deuteronomy 28:37 “And thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword, among all nations whither the LORD shall lead thee”. This verse explains the reason why no one has been able to call us by or true names around the world. There is no other nation on the earth that has continually been redefined by a name. But there is a very bright spot of hope at the end of all this tragedy. The Father is awakening his people, we are recognizing who we are, and whose we are and are beginning to fulfill 2 Chronicles 7:14. He has made an everlasting covenant with our father Avraham and had promised to turn our captivity. So in the restoration of Israel the Father will heal us of our backslidings, give us a new heart and put His spirit in us, and we will again be known by our true name. This gives me so much hope. He will also gather those nations that love and serve Him and add us together and give us all a new name. Blessings and Shalom
Friday, May 27, 2011
Tuesday, May 17, 2011
The History of Ethiopian Jewry
Piecing together legends and stories.
By Atira Winchester
A Jewish community in Ethiopia--the Beta Israel (House of Israel)--has existed for at least 15 centuries.
Because of low literacy levels, a tendency to rely on oral traditions, and nomadic lifestyles among most Ethiopians prior to the 20th century, historic material about this community is scant and unreliable. However, a tentative story can be pieced together from written records of Ethiopian rulers as well as testimony from the Beta Israel themselves.
Origins of the Community
Most likely, the Beta Israel arrived in Ethiopia between the first and sixth centuries, coming as merchants or artisans from various countries in the region.
Scholars once believed that during the Middle Ages the Beta Israel were a homogeneous group living under unified, autonomous Jewish rule. Yet new discoveries have shown that the truth is far more complex. It seems the Ethiopian Jewish community was for the most part fragmented both physically and religiously, with each Beta Israel village appointing its own spiritual and secular leaders. There was little contact between Beta Israel communities, and usually no overarching leadership uniting them.
Sometimes the Beta Israel were treated well by the Ethiopian monarchy, but at other times they suffered persecution. Many fellow Ethiopians refer to the Beta Israel as falasha (a derogatory term meaning outsider), In 1624, the ruling king's army captured many Ethiopian Jews, forced them to be baptized, and denied them the right to own land. According to local legend, some members of the Beta Israel chose suicide over conversion
Read the rest of the article here!
PERSONAL COMMENT By Batyah:
It is amazing that whenever a person of dark color is concerned, they are always written of in a slightly negative, if not fully negative light. That is why we need more Hebrew writers telling our story so that we can get a better understanding of the truth. That is my personal Opinion. Blessings and Shalom!
By Atira Winchester
A Jewish community in Ethiopia--the Beta Israel (House of Israel)--has existed for at least 15 centuries.
Because of low literacy levels, a tendency to rely on oral traditions, and nomadic lifestyles among most Ethiopians prior to the 20th century, historic material about this community is scant and unreliable. However, a tentative story can be pieced together from written records of Ethiopian rulers as well as testimony from the Beta Israel themselves.
Origins of the Community
Most likely, the Beta Israel arrived in Ethiopia between the first and sixth centuries, coming as merchants or artisans from various countries in the region.
Scholars once believed that during the Middle Ages the Beta Israel were a homogeneous group living under unified, autonomous Jewish rule. Yet new discoveries have shown that the truth is far more complex. It seems the Ethiopian Jewish community was for the most part fragmented both physically and religiously, with each Beta Israel village appointing its own spiritual and secular leaders. There was little contact between Beta Israel communities, and usually no overarching leadership uniting them.
Sometimes the Beta Israel were treated well by the Ethiopian monarchy, but at other times they suffered persecution. Many fellow Ethiopians refer to the Beta Israel as falasha (a derogatory term meaning outsider), In 1624, the ruling king's army captured many Ethiopian Jews, forced them to be baptized, and denied them the right to own land. According to local legend, some members of the Beta Israel chose suicide over conversion
Read the rest of the article here!
PERSONAL COMMENT By Batyah:
It is amazing that whenever a person of dark color is concerned, they are always written of in a slightly negative, if not fully negative light. That is why we need more Hebrew writers telling our story so that we can get a better understanding of the truth. That is my personal Opinion. Blessings and Shalom!
Black Othodox Jewish Man Paves the Way in Israel for Barack Obama.
By In News Today on Friday, May 6th, 2011 | Comments Off
Black Jew Paving the Way in Israel for Obama?
I found this interesting article which didn't get much press in the maintream media. Yeshiyah Amariel is an Orthodox Jew and not a Hebrew Isrealite.
Yeshiyah Amariel, a recognized Orthodox Jew of Hispanic (Cherokee) American descent, is all about Torah, unity and support for Israel. His slender form, Chassidic styled black suit, black hat, and dark skin to match would give the first impression that he was a Black Hebrew or Ethiopian Jew, but there is much more to him than meets the eye.
He is a contributor to AIPAC, member of United Jewish Communities, and has also lived in Israel for several years as a volunteer for an Israeli archaeologist, the Nature and Park Authority and other worthy causes. He has been involved in translations of artifacts and excavations of Tel Arad, which is considered the only archaeologically discovered “BYT-YHWH” in Israel, and received recommendations from colleagues to attend any university in the country to become an archaeologist. He is also currently studying to take exams to receive semicha from the Chief rabbinic’s office in Israel.
Amariel’s family are among the Native American tribes that many historical figures, such as the 1800s Jew Mordecai Noah, regarded as brothers to the Jewish people and a lost tribe of Israel.
In 2005 Yeshiyah’s father was published in a Jerusalem Post article by Sheera Frenkel that traced their family’s Jewish links through Cherokee roots and also spoke concerning his translation of the ancient Hebrew Tanakh into English (referred to as the first of its kind). Howshua Amariel (Yeshiyah’s father) is also a rabbi who sits on a Torah-based judicial committee of black Jews with Rabbi Capers C. Funnye Jr., cousin of Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (Senator Barack Obama’s wife).
In our interview, Yeshiyah Amariel claimed that his grandfather knew Senator Obama back when he was originally running for the Illinois State senate. Amariel added “My grandfather told us that we should support Obama because he has good intentions. And given Obama’s record of support toward Israel since he has been in the US Senate, I was inclined to agree with my grandfather.” “From my work, I have received letters of recommendations from Rabbis, Jewish community leaders, and Orthodox Israeli Jews in support of my goals to become an official rabbi in the State; but it wasn’t easy” said Amariel, stating that it took years for them to know that he was sincere in his objectives.
He imagined that the same would be for Obama and decided to offer his assistance. So Amariel called the Obama Headquarters in Chicago and volunteered directly with officials and offered his aid to anything he and other supporters in Israel could give. “When we called the operators were excited to hear from Americans calling from Israel to volunteer for the movement for change.” “From then I got in contact with Obama’s Mid-East and Jewish advisor Eric Lynn and let him know that we were starting this ‘campaign’ in Israel to support Obama. I also urged him that Obama should consider a visit to Israel and if he did we would be there to show our support.”
On the political scene, Amariel is a member of Democrats Abroad in Israel, and the lead manager and strategist for the “Israel for Obama” campaign started in Israel. His group of American Israelis helped comfort Jews and Israelis to the idea of an Obama presidency and organize Americans living in Israel to vote for Barack Obama. One of the members of the group Samson Altman-Schevitz also lived in Chicago and knew Michelle Obama when she served as the Associate Dean of Student Services at the University of Chicago.
They have a blog on Obama’s official page, but beside that Yeshiyah is also a member of other pro-Obama Jewish groups in the United States like Orthodox Jews for Obama and Jews for Obama (whom have supported their efforts in Israel). After Senator Obama’s visit to Israel, Yeshiyah and his group have received letters of cooperation with DA Israel chair Joanne Yaron and DNC supported Middle-East regional director Bob Barad in Italy.
Amariel also has written and received at least two letters from the Senator concerning his positions on Iran (Sanction bills passed), Israel (his commit to their continued aid) and the Palestinian conflict (to abstain from additional fighting that could prevent the peace process). Yeshiyah hopes to provide the Israeli people with a direct link to the Illinois senator to better understand his positions when concerning Israel and the Jewish people. He also wants to establish this connection for average Israelis to express their views from the grassroots.
“We interview American Israelis all over Israel” stated Amariel as he referred to their ‘IsraelforObama’ YouTube Channel. “…the number one reason why most Jews we talk to have a good opinion of Obama is because of the idea of unity within his campaign’s message.
Some believe that kind of idea of harmony may be what the Middle East could use to become peaceful. I believe it’s what should be used to bring Jews together around our common goals.”
Black Jew Paving the Way in Israel for Obama?
I found this interesting article which didn't get much press in the maintream media. Yeshiyah Amariel is an Orthodox Jew and not a Hebrew Isrealite.
He is a contributor to AIPAC, member of United Jewish Communities, and has also lived in Israel for several years as a volunteer for an Israeli archaeologist, the Nature and Park Authority and other worthy causes. He has been involved in translations of artifacts and excavations of Tel Arad, which is considered the only archaeologically discovered “BYT-YHWH” in Israel, and received recommendations from colleagues to attend any university in the country to become an archaeologist. He is also currently studying to take exams to receive semicha from the Chief rabbinic’s office in Israel.
Amariel’s family are among the Native American tribes that many historical figures, such as the 1800s Jew Mordecai Noah, regarded as brothers to the Jewish people and a lost tribe of Israel.
In 2005 Yeshiyah’s father was published in a Jerusalem Post article by Sheera Frenkel that traced their family’s Jewish links through Cherokee roots and also spoke concerning his translation of the ancient Hebrew Tanakh into English (referred to as the first of its kind). Howshua Amariel (Yeshiyah’s father) is also a rabbi who sits on a Torah-based judicial committee of black Jews with Rabbi Capers C. Funnye Jr., cousin of Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (Senator Barack Obama’s wife).
In our interview, Yeshiyah Amariel claimed that his grandfather knew Senator Obama back when he was originally running for the Illinois State senate. Amariel added “My grandfather told us that we should support Obama because he has good intentions. And given Obama’s record of support toward Israel since he has been in the US Senate, I was inclined to agree with my grandfather.” “From my work, I have received letters of recommendations from Rabbis, Jewish community leaders, and Orthodox Israeli Jews in support of my goals to become an official rabbi in the State; but it wasn’t easy” said Amariel, stating that it took years for them to know that he was sincere in his objectives.
He imagined that the same would be for Obama and decided to offer his assistance. So Amariel called the Obama Headquarters in Chicago and volunteered directly with officials and offered his aid to anything he and other supporters in Israel could give. “When we called the operators were excited to hear from Americans calling from Israel to volunteer for the movement for change.” “From then I got in contact with Obama’s Mid-East and Jewish advisor Eric Lynn and let him know that we were starting this ‘campaign’ in Israel to support Obama. I also urged him that Obama should consider a visit to Israel and if he did we would be there to show our support.”
On the political scene, Amariel is a member of Democrats Abroad in Israel, and the lead manager and strategist for the “Israel for Obama” campaign started in Israel. His group of American Israelis helped comfort Jews and Israelis to the idea of an Obama presidency and organize Americans living in Israel to vote for Barack Obama. One of the members of the group Samson Altman-Schevitz also lived in Chicago and knew Michelle Obama when she served as the Associate Dean of Student Services at the University of Chicago.
They have a blog on Obama’s official page, but beside that Yeshiyah is also a member of other pro-Obama Jewish groups in the United States like Orthodox Jews for Obama and Jews for Obama (whom have supported their efforts in Israel). After Senator Obama’s visit to Israel, Yeshiyah and his group have received letters of cooperation with DA Israel chair Joanne Yaron and DNC supported Middle-East regional director Bob Barad in Italy.
Amariel also has written and received at least two letters from the Senator concerning his positions on Iran (Sanction bills passed), Israel (his commit to their continued aid) and the Palestinian conflict (to abstain from additional fighting that could prevent the peace process). Yeshiyah hopes to provide the Israeli people with a direct link to the Illinois senator to better understand his positions when concerning Israel and the Jewish people. He also wants to establish this connection for average Israelis to express their views from the grassroots.
“We interview American Israelis all over Israel” stated Amariel as he referred to their ‘IsraelforObama’ YouTube Channel. “…the number one reason why most Jews we talk to have a good opinion of Obama is because of the idea of unity within his campaign’s message.
Some believe that kind of idea of harmony may be what the Middle East could use to become peaceful. I believe it’s what should be used to bring Jews together around our common goals.”
Monday, May 16, 2011
Why is Obama so popular and how did he make it to the White house so easily? Is he really a Hebrew that made it through the struggle, or is he related to Edom, judge for yourself.
Shalom and wlecome to another post from The Joy of Torah!
For many it is refreshing to see a man of color in the white house, it opens the possibility that every nation that is represented in this melting pot can one day have a chance to “sit on the throne” and uphold the principals of this Babylonian style government. But there are some hidden things that most Americans don’t understand. Some where in the creed of just who can rule, I was taught in school that the President of he U.S. had to be a W.A.S.P. (White, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant) Humm, very interesting! I was also taught that you where the same nationality as your father. But I do know that the only place where your nationality is determined by your mother’s ancestry is among the Jewish people. Who is Barack Obama really???
Did he have help from family members in high places?? Can you see the joy in the faces of Goerge W. Bush and Dick Cheney?
How about in this phots?
If you didn't know already Barack Obama, George W. Bush and Dick Cheney are all related:They are Cousins
For many it is refreshing to see a man of color in the white house, it opens the possibility that every nation that is represented in this melting pot can one day have a chance to “sit on the throne” and uphold the principals of this Babylonian style government. But there are some hidden things that most Americans don’t understand. Some where in the creed of just who can rule, I was taught in school that the President of he U.S. had to be a W.A.S.P. (White, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant) Humm, very interesting! I was also taught that you where the same nationality as your father. But I do know that the only place where your nationality is determined by your mother’s ancestry is among the Jewish people. Who is Barack Obama really???
Did he have help from family members in high places?? Can you see the joy in the faces of Goerge W. Bush and Dick Cheney?
Saturday, May 14, 2011
A Message to the Hebrew Community
In Regards to the the New Posted videos to all my Hebrew brothers and sisters who are seeking the truth of the Father's Word!
I came across this site as I was doing some study about end time prophecy. This is a good teaching concerning the United States in Biblical prophecy. A message to the Hebrew community let us be very careful not to lay blame and anger because of our captivity. We are called to acknowledge our sin, repent and return. The Father will not spare any of us if we do not live clean holy lives. We are called to repair the breech, bring healing to the sick, giving bread to the hungry, comforting those that mourn. We are not called to point fingers at the “belt” because we were chastised. That is still a form of our rebellious nature. We are to study to show ourselves approved unto Yahuwah so that we may rightly divide the word of Truth.-2 timothy 2:15
Too many of us are preaching a hate message against a particular group of people, but many of us keep labeling all people who share characteristics of that group. We must be clear when we are talking about the seed of the serpent that we do not make other people feel condemned who are not in any way connected to that line.
I don’t believe that it the way of our Father. Vengeance is mine says Yahuwah, I will repay. We don have to repay; we have to REPENT and pray!
Hebrews let's wake up, shake off our slumber and be about the Father's business! There are a lot of people hurting out there and we can show them the richness of the love of Yahuwah and how he has come to each one of us gently to remove the scales from our eyes.
Loving all those who love the Father and are committed to walking in his ways!
Blessings and Shalom!
I came across this site as I was doing some study about end time prophecy. This is a good teaching concerning the United States in Biblical prophecy. A message to the Hebrew community let us be very careful not to lay blame and anger because of our captivity. We are called to acknowledge our sin, repent and return. The Father will not spare any of us if we do not live clean holy lives. We are called to repair the breech, bring healing to the sick, giving bread to the hungry, comforting those that mourn. We are not called to point fingers at the “belt” because we were chastised. That is still a form of our rebellious nature. We are to study to show ourselves approved unto Yahuwah so that we may rightly divide the word of Truth.-2 timothy 2:15
Too many of us are preaching a hate message against a particular group of people, but many of us keep labeling all people who share characteristics of that group. We must be clear when we are talking about the seed of the serpent that we do not make other people feel condemned who are not in any way connected to that line.
I don’t believe that it the way of our Father. Vengeance is mine says Yahuwah, I will repay. We don have to repay; we have to REPENT and pray!
Hebrews let's wake up, shake off our slumber and be about the Father's business! There are a lot of people hurting out there and we can show them the richness of the love of Yahuwah and how he has come to each one of us gently to remove the scales from our eyes.
Loving all those who love the Father and are committed to walking in his ways!
Blessings and Shalom!
Monday, May 9, 2011
The Bread of Heaven
Trust in Yahuwah with all your heart and lean not to your own understanding.. Proverbs 3:5
I just listened to a very long testimony on Bill Schnoebelen through the biblical hebrews of the bible blog talk raido program. He was talking about his former lifestytle when he was practicing witchcraft. The focus was to show how the scripture contradicts his testimony that he is now walking with the Most High becuase he is the chosen seed of Israel. It also brought out clearity that all around us there are people who are deeply involved in very serious satanic worship. This kind of teaching just reinforces the foundation of the truth that we must keep our hearts and minds pure and continue to keep the commandments of Yahuwah. Yahushuah said His commandments are not grievous, His yoke is easy, and His burden is light. Yahushua also forewarned us by telling us in the parable of the wheat and the tares Matthew 13:25 and mentioning the wolves in sheeps clothing in Matthew 7:15. We should not be alarmed by these evil practices of people around us, but we should be aware that they do exist. The kingdom that we are being prepared for will not tolerate any person or being that is not under the headship of the Messiah. Therefore I am very encouraged and strenghtened to know the the Father in heaven has alreadly made a provision for us through his son Yahushuah, this is our blessing this is our faith, and this is our Shalom. Yahusuah is the bread of heaven, let us partake and be filled
I just listened to a very long testimony on Bill Schnoebelen through the biblical hebrews of the bible blog talk raido program. He was talking about his former lifestytle when he was practicing witchcraft. The focus was to show how the scripture contradicts his testimony that he is now walking with the Most High becuase he is the chosen seed of Israel. It also brought out clearity that all around us there are people who are deeply involved in very serious satanic worship. This kind of teaching just reinforces the foundation of the truth that we must keep our hearts and minds pure and continue to keep the commandments of Yahuwah. Yahushuah said His commandments are not grievous, His yoke is easy, and His burden is light. Yahushua also forewarned us by telling us in the parable of the wheat and the tares Matthew 13:25 and mentioning the wolves in sheeps clothing in Matthew 7:15. We should not be alarmed by these evil practices of people around us, but we should be aware that they do exist. The kingdom that we are being prepared for will not tolerate any person or being that is not under the headship of the Messiah. Therefore I am very encouraged and strenghtened to know the the Father in heaven has alreadly made a provision for us through his son Yahushuah, this is our blessing this is our faith, and this is our Shalom. Yahusuah is the bread of heaven, let us partake and be filled
Sunday, May 8, 2011
Messianic Communities & The Star of David
INTRODUCTORY LETTER,
Sunday, May 08, 2011
Dear Messianic Communities, Hi my name is Eliana Batyah and I would like to take a few moments of your time to clarify your understanding on the meaning of the Star of David/Shield of David in your printed material, websites and other identifying literature that reflect your congregation and affiliation with the Hebrew Scriptures.
First I make the claim that the use of the six pointed symbol representing Israel today is none other than a deception of satanic influence. In the past I was ignorant and unaware that this symbol was evil. I too thought it represented solidarity with Israel and her returning people. After researching the internet and other sources, I have found out that it really has nothing to do with the biblical aspects of Israel or the biblical Hebrews or King David of old.
Second I would also like to influence you away from using the star on anything connected with your congregation, your worship practice, websites and flags or printed literature. Instead of trying to convince you with my clever words, I have copied the page with the relevant links directly from Wikipedia for you to do you own search and draw your own conclusions. May the most high, Yahuwah bless you and keep you. Shalom
Star of David
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the use of the hexagram as a Jewish symbol. For other uses, see Hexagram.
"Jewish Star" redirects here. For the newspaper, see The Jewish Star.
The Star of David , known in Hebrew as the Shield of David or Magen David (Hebrew מָגֵן דָּוִד; Biblical Hebrew Māḡēn Dāwīḏ, Tiberian [mɔˈɣen dɔˈvið], Modern Hebrew [maˈɡen daˈvid], Ashkenazi Hebrew and Yiddish Mogein Dovid [ˈmɔɡeɪn ˈdɔvid] or Mogen Dovid) is a generally recognized symbol of Jewish identity and Judaism.[1]
Its shape is that of a hexagram, the compound of two equilateral triangles. The hexagram has been in use as a symbol of Judaism since the 17th century, with precedents in the 14th to 16th centuries in Central Europe, where the Shield of David was partly used in conjunction with the Seal of Solomon (the hexagram) on Jewish flags. Its use probably derives from medieval (11th to 13th century) Jewish protective amulets (segulot).
The term "Shield of David" is also used in the Siddur (Jewish prayer book) as a title of the God of Israel.
History
The precise origin of the use of the hexagram as a Jewish symbol remains unknown, but it apparently emerged in the context of medieval Jewish protective amulets (segulot). One understanding is that the symbol represents the 12/13 months of the lunisolar calendar that keeps seasons synchronized with the lunar cycle, in distinction from the lunar calendar (common to the Islamic culture) in which seasons drift. The Jewish Encyclopedia cites a 12th-century Karaite document as the earliest Jewish literary source to mention the symbol.[2]
Early use as an ornament
The Star of David in the oldest surviving complete copy of the Masoretic text, the Leningrad Codex, dated 1008.
The hexagram does appear occasionally in Jewish contexts since antiquity, apparently as a decorative motif. For example, in Israel, there is a stone bearing a hexagram from the arch of a 3–4th century synagogue in the Galilee.[3] A supposed Shield of David has been noted on a Jewish tombstone at Taranto, in Southern Italy, which may date as early as the third century CE.[4]
Originally, the hexagram may have been employed as an architectural ornament on synagogues, as it is, for example, on the cathedrals of Brandenburg and Stendal, and on the Marktkirche at Hanover. A pentagram in this form is found on the ancient synagogue at Tell Hum. In the synagogues, perhaps, it was associated with the mezuzah.
The use of the hexagram in a Jewish context as a possibly meaningful symbol may occur as early as the 11th century, in the decoration of the carpet page of the famous Tanakh manuscript, the Leningrad Codex dated 1008. Similarly, the symbol illuminates a medieval Tanakh manuscript dated 1307 belonging to Rabbi Yosef bar Yehuda ben Marvas from Toledo, Spain. A Siddur dated 1512 from Prague displays a large hexagram on the cover with the phrase, "... He will merit to bestow a bountiful gift on anyone who grasps the Shield of David."[5]
Origin of the name
Star on a window
The name 'Shield of David' was used by at least the 11th century as a title of the God of Israel, independent of the use of the symbol. The phrase occurs independently as a Divine title in the Siddur, the traditional Jewish prayer book, where it poetically refers to the Divine protection of ancient King David and the anticipated restoration of his dynastic house, perhaps based on Psalm 18, which is attributed to David, and in which God is compared to a shield (v. 31 and v. 36). The term occurs at the end of the "Samkhaynu/Gladden us" blessing, which is recited after the reading of the Haftara portion on Saturday and holidays.[6]
The earliest known text related to Judaism which mentions a sign called the "Shield of David" is Eshkol Ha-Kofer by the Karaite Judah Hadassi, in the mid-12th century CE:
"Seven names of angels precede the mezuzah: Michael, Gabriel, etc. ... Tetragrammaton protect you! And likewise the sign, called the 'Shield of David', is placed beside the name of each angel."[7]
This book is of Karaite, and not of Rabbinic Jewish origin; and that it does not describe the shape of the sign in any way.
Kabbalistic use
Page of segulot in a mediaeval Kabbalistic grimoire (Sefer Raziel HaMalakh, 13th century)
Medieval Kabbalistic grimoires show hexagrams among the tables of segulot, but without identifying them as "Shield of David".
In the Renaissance Period, in the 16th-century Land of Israel, the book Ets Khayim conveys the Kabbalah of Ha-Ari (Rabbi Isaac Luria) who arranges the traditional items on the seder plate for Passover into two triangles, where they explicitly correspond to Jewish mystical concepts. The six sfirot of the masculine Zer Anpin correspond to the six items on the seder plate, while the seventh sfira being the feminine Malkhut corresponds to the plate itself.[8][9][10]
However, these seder-plate triangles are parallel, one above the other, and do not actually form a hexagram,.[11]
According to G.S. Oegema (1996)
Isaac Luria provided the Shield of David with a further mystical meaning. In his book Etz Chayim he teaches that the elements of the plate for the Seder evening have to be placed in the order of the hexagram: above the three sefirot "Crown", "Wisdom", and "Insight", below the other seven.[12]
Similarly, M. Costa[year needed][page needed] wrote that M. Gudemann and other researchers in the 1920s claimed that Isaac Luria was influential in turning the Star of David into a national Jewish emblem by teaching that the elements of the plate for the Seder evening have to be placed in the order of the hexagram Gershom Scholem (1990) disagrees with this view, arguing that Isaac Luria talked about parallel triangles one beneath the other and not about the hexagram.[13]
The Star of David at least since the 20th century remains associated with the number seven and thus with the Menorah, and popular accounts[unreliable source?] associate it with he six directions of space plus the center (under the influence of the description of space found in the Sefer Yetsira: Up, Down, East, West, South, North, and Center), or the Six Sefirot of the Male (Zeir Anpin) united with the Seventh Sefirot of the Female (Nukva).[14]
Jewish flags
In 1354, King of Bohemia Charles IV prescribed for the Jews of Prague a red flag with both David's shield and Solomon's seal, while the red flag with which the Jews met King Matthias of Hungary in the 15th century showed two pentagrams with two golden stars.[15] The pentagram, therefore, may also have been used among the Jews as early as the year 1073.[16]
In 1460, the Jews of Ofen (Budapest, Hungary) received King Matthias Corvinus with a red flag on which were two Shields of David and two stars. In the first Hebrew prayer book, printed in Prague in 1512, a large Shield of David appears on the cover. In the colophon is written: "Each man beneath his flag according to the house of their fathers... and he will merit to bestow a bountiful gift on anyone who grasps the Shield of David." In 1592, Mordechai Maizel was allowed to affix "a flag of King David, similar to that located on the Main Synagogue" on his synagogue in Prague. In 1648, the Jews of Prague were again allowed a flag, in acknowledgment of their part in defending the city against the Swedes. On a red background was a yellow Shield of David, in the center of which was a Swedish star.[17]
As a symbol of Judaism
A recruitment poster published in American Jewish magazines during WWI. Daughter of Zion (representing the Jewish people): Your Old New Land must have you! Join the Jewish regiment.
In the 17th century, the Shield of David as the hexagram began to represent the Jewish community generally, when the Jewish quarter of Vienna was formally distinguished from the rest of the city by a boundary stone having the hexagram on one side and the Christian cross on the other. By the 18th century, the Shield appeared to represent the Jewish people in both secular (politics) and religious (synagogue) contexts. The Star of David can be found on the tombstones of religious Jews in Europe since the 18th century. Following Jewish emancipation after the French revolution, Jewish communities chose the Star of David to represent themselves, comparable to the cross used by most Christians.[citation needed] Then in the 19th century, it began to signify the Jewish people internationally, when the early Zionist movement adopted it as the symbol of the Jewish people, after the Dreyfus affair in France in the 19th century. From here, other Jewish community organizations adopted it too.
The Holocaust
The yellow badge
A Star of David, often yellow-colored, was used by the Nazis during the Holocaust as a method of identifying Jews. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939 there were initially different local decrees forcing Jews to wear a distinct sign – in the General Government e.g. a white armband with a blue Star of David on it, in the Warthegau a yellow badge in the form of a Star of David on the left side of the breast and on the back. If a Jew was found without wearing the star in public, they could be subjected to severe punishment. The requirement to wear the Star of David with the word Jude (German for Jew) inscribed was then extended to all Jews over the age of 6 in the Reich and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (by a decree issued on September 1, 1941 signed by Reinhard Heydrich [18]) and was gradually introduced in other German-occupied areas.
Modern use
The flag of Israel, depicting a blue Star of David on a white background, between two horizontal blue stripes was adopted on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's establishment. The origins of the flag's design date from the First Zionist Congress in 1897; the flag has subsequently been known as the "flag of Zion".
Contemporary use
A synagogue in Karlsruhe, Germany, with the outline of a Star of David
Some Orthodox Jewish groups reject the use of the Jewish Star of David because of its association with magic. Neturei Karta and Satmar reject it because they associate it with Zionism.
The vast majority of Spanish and Portuguese Jews do not use the star either. This probably reflects the trends before the forced conversion in Portugal and also its use is Spain. Their symbols are connected with the survival from the Inquisition, like the bird Phoenix.
Many Modern Orthodox synagogues, and many synagogues of other Jewish movements, however, have the Israeli flag with the Star of David prominently displayed at the front of the synagogues near the Ark containing the Torah scrolls.
The Magen David Adom emblem
Magen David Adom (MDA) (Red Star of David or, translated literally, Red Shield of David) is Israel's only official emergency medical, disaster, ambulance service. It is an official member of the International Committee of the Red Cross since June 2006. According to the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Magen David Adom was boycotted by the International Committee of the Red Cross, which refused to grant the organization membership because "it was ... argued that having an emblem used by only one country was contrary to the principles of universality."[19] Other commentators said the ICRC did not recognize the medical and humanitarian use of this Jewish symbol, a Red Shield, alongside the Christian cross and the Muslim crescent.[20]
Athletes
Jewish major league baseball player Gabe Kapler had a Star of David tattooed on his left calf in 2000, with the words "strong-willed" and "strong-minded", major leaguer Mike "SuperJew" Epstein drew a Star of David on his baseball glove, and major leaguer Ron Blomberg had a Star of David emblazoned in the knob of his bat which is on display at the Baseball Hall of Fame.[21][22][23][24][25][26] NBA basketball star Amar'e Stoudemire, who says he is spiritually and culturally Jewish,[27] had a Star of David tattoo put on his left hand in 2010.[28][29] NFL football defensive end Igor Olshansky has Star of David tattoos on each side of his neck, near his shoulders.[30][31][32]
Jewish world light heavyweight world champion boxer Mike "The Jewish Bomber" Rossman fought with a Star of David embroidered on his boxing trunks, and also has a blue Star of David tattoo on the outside of his right calf.[33][34][35][36] World heavyweight boxing champion Max Baer fought with a Star of David on his trunks as well, notably, for the first time as he knocked out Nazi Germany hero Max Schmeling in 1933; Hitler never permitted Scmheling to fight a Jew again. Other boxers who fought with Stars of David embroidered on their trunks to reflect their ethno-religious pride included world lightweight champion Benny "the Ghetto Wizard" Leonard (who said he felt as though he was fighting for all Jews), world light heavyweight boxing champion Battling Levinsky, Barney Ross (world champion as a lightweight, as a junior welterweight, and as a welterweight), world flyweight boxing champion Victor "Young" Peres ("Young"), and more recently World Boxing Association super welterweight champion Yuri Foreman.[37][33][38][39][40][41][42] Welterweight Dmitriy Salita even boxes under the nickname "Star of David".[43]
Teams
Béla Guttmann, footballer for Hakoah Vienna
Hakoah Vienna was a Jewish sports club founded in Vienna, Austria, in 1909 whose teams competed with the Star of David on the chest of their uniforms, and won the 1925 Austrian League soccer championship.[44] Similarly, The Philadelphia Sphas basketball team in Philadelphia (whose name was an acronym of its founding South Philadelphia Hebrew Association) wore a large Star of David on their jerseys to proudly proclaim their Jewish identity, as they competed in the first half of the 20th century.[45][46][47][48] Maccabi clubs still use the Star of David in their emblems.[49]
See also
• Anahata
• Chai symbol
• Flag of Israel
• G2 (mathematics)
• Merkaba
• Seal of Solomon
• Shatkona, an identical Hindu symbol.
• Star of Bethlehem
• Star of David theorem
• Star of Lakshmi
• Unicursal hexagram
Notes
• In Unicode, the "Star of David" symbol is U+2721 (✡).
• The world's largest Star of David (167 m = 547.9 feet (167.0 m) diameter) is in the Smokey Hills Weapons Range, Kansas, USA 38°43′04″N 97°48′24″W38.717704°N 97.80673°W
• At London Heathrow Airport in the early 1950's were built 6 runways in ✡ layout, each a bit over a mile long.
References
1. ^ Judaism A-Z Yacov Newman, Gavriel Sivan
2. ^ "Magen Dawid", Jewish Encyclopida [1], retrieved 2010 May 28.
3. ^ "King Solomon's Seal", MFA, King Solomon-s Seal.
4. ^ Herbert M. Adler, JQR, vol. 14:111. Cited in "Magen David", Jewish Encyclopedia [2], retrieved 2010, May 28.
5. ^ Ulmann.
6. ^ A similar term, "Shield of Abraham" appears in the first blessing of the "Amidah" prayer, which was written in early Rabbinic times (around year 1, a millennium before the first documentation of the term in reference to a six-point star). That term is probably based on Genesis 15:1, where God promises to shield Abraham.
7. ^ Eshkol Ha-Kofer by Judah Hadassi, 12th century CE
8. ^ Rabbi Blumenkrantz, "The Seder", The Laws of Pesach: A Digest 2010: Chap. 9. See also, [3], retrieved 2010 May 28.
9. ^ "Magen David", Ask the Rabbi [4], retrieved 2010, May 28.
10. ^ Simon Jacobson, op. ed., "Tzav-Passover: The Seder Plate", A Meaningful Life, [5], retrieved 2010 May 28.
11. ^ Gershom Scholem shows conclusively they do not form a hexagram. See, Hatakh ha-Zahav, Hotam Shelomoh u-Magen-David (Poalim, Hebrew) 1990:156.
12. ^ G.S. Oegema, Realms of Judaism. The history of the Shield of David, the birth of a symbol (Peter Lang, Germany, 1996) ISBN 3-631-30192-8
13. ^ Hatakh ha-Zahav, Hotam Shelomoh u-Magen-David (Poalim, 1990, Hebrew) p.156
14. ^ What is the Mystical Significance of the Star of David? By Rabbi Naftali Silberberg
15. ^ Schwandtner, Scriptores Rerum Hungaricarum, ii. 148
16. ^ Facsimile in M. Friedmann, Seder Eliyahu Rabbah ve-Seder Eliyahu Ztṭa, Vienna, 1901
17. ^ The National Flag at MFA
18. ^ Polizeiverordnung über die Kennzeichnung der Juden (came into force September 19, 1941)
19. ^ Geneva Vote Paves the Way for MDA Red Cross Membership, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 8-Dec-2005 [6]
20. ^ Magen David: Shield or Star? On Language, by Philologos, The Jewish Daily Forward June 30, 2006 [7]
21. ^ Paul Lukas (April 2, 2007). "Uni Watch: Passover edition – Page 2". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=lukas/070402. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
22. ^ "Sox pair weigh holiday play; councilor swept up". The Boston Globe. September 24, 2004. http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2004/09/24/sox_pair_weigh_holiday_play_councilor_swept_up/. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
23. ^ "Jewish Stars". Cleveland Jewish News. April 16, 2010. http://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/articles/2010/04/16/arts/jewish_stars/doc4bc77d3bbc236279484076.txt. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
24. ^ Ain, Stewart (September 8, 2006). "Fast Balls Keep Flying At Mel". The Jewish Week. http://www.thejewishweek.com/features/fast_balls_keep_flying_mel. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
25. ^ "It started as a great idea, then fate stepped in". Jewish Tribune. September 29, 2005. http://www.jewishtribune.ca/tribune/jt-050929-21.html. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
26. ^ Salkin, Allen. "Where have you gone, Sandy Koufax?". Charlotte.creativeloafing.com. http://charlotte.creativeloafing.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A4463. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
27. ^ "Amar’e Stoudemire’s Quest to Israel", The New York Times, August 3, 2010
28. ^ "Is Amare Stoudemire Jewish? Knick Shows Star Of David Tattoo, Wears Yarmulke (VIDEO)". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/02/is-amare-stoudemire-jewis_n_667712.html. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
29. ^ "Knicks star Amar'e Stoudemire keeps things kosher". The New York Post. August 20, 2010. http://www.nypost.com/p/pagesix/amar_keeps_things_kosher_nN6oBep1HNbfqp0JXVPmFP. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
30. ^ "Are you ready for some football? » Kaplan’s Korner on Jews and Sports". New Jersey Jewish News. September 14, 2009. http://njjewishnews.com/kaplanskorner/2009/09/14/are-you-ready-for-some-football/. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
31. ^ Whisler, John (August 1, 2009). "Cowboys add muscle on defense with Olshanksy". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/sports/6557606.html. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
32. ^ "Tenacious D – by Nisha Gopalan". Tablet Magazine. November 14, 2008. http://www.tabletmag.com/news-and-politics/3322/tenacious-d/. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
33. ^ a b The Big Book of Jewish Sports Heros: An Illustrated Compendium of Sports History and The 150 Greatest Jewish Sports Stars. SP Books. 2007. http://books.google.com/books?id=dDyEVDIA3aIC&pg=PA265&dq=%22star+of+david%22+baseball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=2G5cTdzYBoKglAfFoYTkCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
34. ^ "Dodger-Giant Rivalry Downright Nostalgic", The Spokesman-Review, September 24, 1978
35. ^ Volume 39. 2006. http://books.google.com/books?id=KpkpAQAAIAAJ&q=tattoo+%22star+of+david%22+boxer&dq=tattoo+%22star+of+david%22+boxer&hl=en&ei=52pcTbHAKcKclgfl1LTkCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAQ. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
36. ^ Pat Putnam (December 18, 1978). "Mom is Jewish, Dad is Italian, and Mike Rossman—the Star". Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1094435/3/index.htm. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
37. ^ The 1930s. Weigl Educational Publishers. 2000. http://books.google.com/books?id=0bTIwIJmOiUC&pg=PA28&dq=%22star+of+david%22+baseball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=F3JcTe3WBcGclgehwITnCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBDge#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20baseball%20-tattoo&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
38. ^ Triumph: the untold story of Jesse Owens and Hitler's Olympics. 2007. http://books.google.com/books?id=DSsdGalGcPMC&pg=PA85&dq=skater+%22star+of+david%22&hl=en&ei=CG5cTYP5MYGglAfDutzuCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=skater%20%22star%20of%20david%22&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
39. ^ Ellis Island to Ebbets Field: Sport and the American Jewish Experience. Oxford University Press. 1993. http://books.google.com/books?id=qjOYf1YAhaoC&pg=PA120&dq=%22star+of+david%22+baseball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=2G5cTdzYBoKglAfFoYTkCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
40. ^ "Realism for the masses: aesthetics, popular front pluralism, and U.S. culture, 1935–1947". 2009. http://books.google.com/books?id=oNKyvL7ccB4C&pg=PA7&dq=%22star+of+david%22+baseball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=F3JcTe3WBcGclgehwITnCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwADge#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
41. ^ Sport in America eBook, Volume II. http://books.google.com/books?id=LwdEP9ISuCEC&pg=PA295&dq=%22star+of+david%22+baseball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=F3JcTe3WBcGclgehwITnCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCTge#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20baseball%20-tattoo&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
42. ^ A Voice Called: Stories of Jewish Heroism. 2010. http://books.google.com/books?id=gKSLDHiWlZoC&pg=PA75&dq=%22star+of+david%22+boxer&hl=en&ei=xlBfTdWSCIiFtgfb4ZTlCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20boxer&f=false. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
43. ^ Isaac Barrio (July 19, 2006). "Dmitriy “STAR OF DAVID” Salita in Main Event". Hardcoreboxing.net. http://www.hardcoreboxing.net/SALITA7192006.htm. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
44. ^ Emancipation through muscles: Jews and sports in Europe. 2006. http://books.google.com/books?id=Iye9CDk0X_IC&pg=PA252&dq=%22star+of+david%22+baseball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=Y3ZcTYC7OYKclgf3w7DkCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAThQ#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
45. ^ Encyclopedia of American Jewish history. ABC-CLIO,. 2007. http://books.google.com/books?id=QV8YAQAAIAAJ&q=%22star+of+david%22+basketball+-tattoo&dq=%22star+of+david%22+basketball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=BX9cTfWHMoPGlQfZmrDlCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
46. ^ Outside the box: a memoir. Rodale. 2006. http://books.google.com/books?id=HuzYfr7aM5wC&pg=PA11&dq=%22star+of+david%22+basketball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=BX9cTfWHMoPGlQfZmrDlCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20basketball%20-tattoo&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
47. ^ Philadelphia Jewish life, 1940–2000. Temple University Press. 2006. http://books.google.com/books?id=5zOJ_aZIcooC&pg=PA193&dq=%22star+of+david%22+hockey+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=QoJcTYTqD4L6lwfyp8zkCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20hockey%20-tattoo&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
48. ^ Encyclopedia of ethnicity and sports in the United States. 2000. http://books.google.com/books?id=xdV_JV1fbZMC&pg=PA360&dq=team+%22star+of+david%22&hl=en&ei=71leTaLHB5OUtwe-mu38Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=team%20%22star%20of%20david%22&f=false. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
49. ^ Football: a sociology of the global game. Wiley-Blackwell. 1999. http://books.google.com/books?id=dO1vJEAv1KQC&pg=PA12&dq=%22star+of+david%22+football+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=7XpcTY3JH4GKlwfzzNTlCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20football%20-tattoo&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Star of David
• 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia on Jewish symbols
• The Archetypal Mandala of India of the Star of David
• The Mystical Significance of the Star of David
• Magen David: From mystical talisman to Zionist symbol -Ynetnews
Photo gallery
•
Star in the Schneider Synagogue, Istanbul
•
Star in the Ari Ashkenazi Synagogue, Safed
Sunday, May 08, 2011
Dear Messianic Communities, Hi my name is Eliana Batyah and I would like to take a few moments of your time to clarify your understanding on the meaning of the Star of David/Shield of David in your printed material, websites and other identifying literature that reflect your congregation and affiliation with the Hebrew Scriptures.
First I make the claim that the use of the six pointed symbol representing Israel today is none other than a deception of satanic influence. In the past I was ignorant and unaware that this symbol was evil. I too thought it represented solidarity with Israel and her returning people. After researching the internet and other sources, I have found out that it really has nothing to do with the biblical aspects of Israel or the biblical Hebrews or King David of old.
Second I would also like to influence you away from using the star on anything connected with your congregation, your worship practice, websites and flags or printed literature. Instead of trying to convince you with my clever words, I have copied the page with the relevant links directly from Wikipedia for you to do you own search and draw your own conclusions. May the most high, Yahuwah bless you and keep you. Shalom
Star of David
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This article is about the use of the hexagram as a Jewish symbol. For other uses, see Hexagram.
"Jewish Star" redirects here. For the newspaper, see The Jewish Star.
The Star of David , known in Hebrew as the Shield of David or Magen David (Hebrew מָגֵן דָּוִד; Biblical Hebrew Māḡēn Dāwīḏ, Tiberian [mɔˈɣen dɔˈvið], Modern Hebrew [maˈɡen daˈvid], Ashkenazi Hebrew and Yiddish Mogein Dovid [ˈmɔɡeɪn ˈdɔvid] or Mogen Dovid) is a generally recognized symbol of Jewish identity and Judaism.[1]
Its shape is that of a hexagram, the compound of two equilateral triangles. The hexagram has been in use as a symbol of Judaism since the 17th century, with precedents in the 14th to 16th centuries in Central Europe, where the Shield of David was partly used in conjunction with the Seal of Solomon (the hexagram) on Jewish flags. Its use probably derives from medieval (11th to 13th century) Jewish protective amulets (segulot).
The term "Shield of David" is also used in the Siddur (Jewish prayer book) as a title of the God of Israel.
History
The precise origin of the use of the hexagram as a Jewish symbol remains unknown, but it apparently emerged in the context of medieval Jewish protective amulets (segulot). One understanding is that the symbol represents the 12/13 months of the lunisolar calendar that keeps seasons synchronized with the lunar cycle, in distinction from the lunar calendar (common to the Islamic culture) in which seasons drift. The Jewish Encyclopedia cites a 12th-century Karaite document as the earliest Jewish literary source to mention the symbol.[2]
Early use as an ornament
The Star of David in the oldest surviving complete copy of the Masoretic text, the Leningrad Codex, dated 1008.
The hexagram does appear occasionally in Jewish contexts since antiquity, apparently as a decorative motif. For example, in Israel, there is a stone bearing a hexagram from the arch of a 3–4th century synagogue in the Galilee.[3] A supposed Shield of David has been noted on a Jewish tombstone at Taranto, in Southern Italy, which may date as early as the third century CE.[4]
Originally, the hexagram may have been employed as an architectural ornament on synagogues, as it is, for example, on the cathedrals of Brandenburg and Stendal, and on the Marktkirche at Hanover. A pentagram in this form is found on the ancient synagogue at Tell Hum. In the synagogues, perhaps, it was associated with the mezuzah.
The use of the hexagram in a Jewish context as a possibly meaningful symbol may occur as early as the 11th century, in the decoration of the carpet page of the famous Tanakh manuscript, the Leningrad Codex dated 1008. Similarly, the symbol illuminates a medieval Tanakh manuscript dated 1307 belonging to Rabbi Yosef bar Yehuda ben Marvas from Toledo, Spain. A Siddur dated 1512 from Prague displays a large hexagram on the cover with the phrase, "... He will merit to bestow a bountiful gift on anyone who grasps the Shield of David."[5]
Origin of the name
Star on a window
The name 'Shield of David' was used by at least the 11th century as a title of the God of Israel, independent of the use of the symbol. The phrase occurs independently as a Divine title in the Siddur, the traditional Jewish prayer book, where it poetically refers to the Divine protection of ancient King David and the anticipated restoration of his dynastic house, perhaps based on Psalm 18, which is attributed to David, and in which God is compared to a shield (v. 31 and v. 36). The term occurs at the end of the "Samkhaynu/Gladden us" blessing, which is recited after the reading of the Haftara portion on Saturday and holidays.[6]
The earliest known text related to Judaism which mentions a sign called the "Shield of David" is Eshkol Ha-Kofer by the Karaite Judah Hadassi, in the mid-12th century CE:
"Seven names of angels precede the mezuzah: Michael, Gabriel, etc. ... Tetragrammaton protect you! And likewise the sign, called the 'Shield of David', is placed beside the name of each angel."[7]
This book is of Karaite, and not of Rabbinic Jewish origin; and that it does not describe the shape of the sign in any way.
Kabbalistic use
Page of segulot in a mediaeval Kabbalistic grimoire (Sefer Raziel HaMalakh, 13th century)
Medieval Kabbalistic grimoires show hexagrams among the tables of segulot, but without identifying them as "Shield of David".
In the Renaissance Period, in the 16th-century Land of Israel, the book Ets Khayim conveys the Kabbalah of Ha-Ari (Rabbi Isaac Luria) who arranges the traditional items on the seder plate for Passover into two triangles, where they explicitly correspond to Jewish mystical concepts. The six sfirot of the masculine Zer Anpin correspond to the six items on the seder plate, while the seventh sfira being the feminine Malkhut corresponds to the plate itself.[8][9][10]
However, these seder-plate triangles are parallel, one above the other, and do not actually form a hexagram,.[11]
According to G.S. Oegema (1996)
Isaac Luria provided the Shield of David with a further mystical meaning. In his book Etz Chayim he teaches that the elements of the plate for the Seder evening have to be placed in the order of the hexagram: above the three sefirot "Crown", "Wisdom", and "Insight", below the other seven.[12]
Similarly, M. Costa[year needed][page needed] wrote that M. Gudemann and other researchers in the 1920s claimed that Isaac Luria was influential in turning the Star of David into a national Jewish emblem by teaching that the elements of the plate for the Seder evening have to be placed in the order of the hexagram Gershom Scholem (1990) disagrees with this view, arguing that Isaac Luria talked about parallel triangles one beneath the other and not about the hexagram.[13]
The Star of David at least since the 20th century remains associated with the number seven and thus with the Menorah, and popular accounts[unreliable source?] associate it with he six directions of space plus the center (under the influence of the description of space found in the Sefer Yetsira: Up, Down, East, West, South, North, and Center), or the Six Sefirot of the Male (Zeir Anpin) united with the Seventh Sefirot of the Female (Nukva).[14]
Jewish flags
In 1354, King of Bohemia Charles IV prescribed for the Jews of Prague a red flag with both David's shield and Solomon's seal, while the red flag with which the Jews met King Matthias of Hungary in the 15th century showed two pentagrams with two golden stars.[15] The pentagram, therefore, may also have been used among the Jews as early as the year 1073.[16]
In 1460, the Jews of Ofen (Budapest, Hungary) received King Matthias Corvinus with a red flag on which were two Shields of David and two stars. In the first Hebrew prayer book, printed in Prague in 1512, a large Shield of David appears on the cover. In the colophon is written: "Each man beneath his flag according to the house of their fathers... and he will merit to bestow a bountiful gift on anyone who grasps the Shield of David." In 1592, Mordechai Maizel was allowed to affix "a flag of King David, similar to that located on the Main Synagogue" on his synagogue in Prague. In 1648, the Jews of Prague were again allowed a flag, in acknowledgment of their part in defending the city against the Swedes. On a red background was a yellow Shield of David, in the center of which was a Swedish star.[17]
As a symbol of Judaism
A recruitment poster published in American Jewish magazines during WWI. Daughter of Zion (representing the Jewish people): Your Old New Land must have you! Join the Jewish regiment.
In the 17th century, the Shield of David as the hexagram began to represent the Jewish community generally, when the Jewish quarter of Vienna was formally distinguished from the rest of the city by a boundary stone having the hexagram on one side and the Christian cross on the other. By the 18th century, the Shield appeared to represent the Jewish people in both secular (politics) and religious (synagogue) contexts. The Star of David can be found on the tombstones of religious Jews in Europe since the 18th century. Following Jewish emancipation after the French revolution, Jewish communities chose the Star of David to represent themselves, comparable to the cross used by most Christians.[citation needed] Then in the 19th century, it began to signify the Jewish people internationally, when the early Zionist movement adopted it as the symbol of the Jewish people, after the Dreyfus affair in France in the 19th century. From here, other Jewish community organizations adopted it too.
The Holocaust
The yellow badge
A Star of David, often yellow-colored, was used by the Nazis during the Holocaust as a method of identifying Jews. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939 there were initially different local decrees forcing Jews to wear a distinct sign – in the General Government e.g. a white armband with a blue Star of David on it, in the Warthegau a yellow badge in the form of a Star of David on the left side of the breast and on the back. If a Jew was found without wearing the star in public, they could be subjected to severe punishment. The requirement to wear the Star of David with the word Jude (German for Jew) inscribed was then extended to all Jews over the age of 6 in the Reich and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (by a decree issued on September 1, 1941 signed by Reinhard Heydrich [18]) and was gradually introduced in other German-occupied areas.
Modern use
The flag of Israel, depicting a blue Star of David on a white background, between two horizontal blue stripes was adopted on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's establishment. The origins of the flag's design date from the First Zionist Congress in 1897; the flag has subsequently been known as the "flag of Zion".
Contemporary use
A synagogue in Karlsruhe, Germany, with the outline of a Star of David
Some Orthodox Jewish groups reject the use of the Jewish Star of David because of its association with magic. Neturei Karta and Satmar reject it because they associate it with Zionism.
The vast majority of Spanish and Portuguese Jews do not use the star either. This probably reflects the trends before the forced conversion in Portugal and also its use is Spain. Their symbols are connected with the survival from the Inquisition, like the bird Phoenix.
Many Modern Orthodox synagogues, and many synagogues of other Jewish movements, however, have the Israeli flag with the Star of David prominently displayed at the front of the synagogues near the Ark containing the Torah scrolls.
The Magen David Adom emblem
Magen David Adom (MDA) (Red Star of David or, translated literally, Red Shield of David) is Israel's only official emergency medical, disaster, ambulance service. It is an official member of the International Committee of the Red Cross since June 2006. According to the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Magen David Adom was boycotted by the International Committee of the Red Cross, which refused to grant the organization membership because "it was ... argued that having an emblem used by only one country was contrary to the principles of universality."[19] Other commentators said the ICRC did not recognize the medical and humanitarian use of this Jewish symbol, a Red Shield, alongside the Christian cross and the Muslim crescent.[20]
Athletes
Jewish major league baseball player Gabe Kapler had a Star of David tattooed on his left calf in 2000, with the words "strong-willed" and "strong-minded", major leaguer Mike "SuperJew" Epstein drew a Star of David on his baseball glove, and major leaguer Ron Blomberg had a Star of David emblazoned in the knob of his bat which is on display at the Baseball Hall of Fame.[21][22][23][24][25][26] NBA basketball star Amar'e Stoudemire, who says he is spiritually and culturally Jewish,[27] had a Star of David tattoo put on his left hand in 2010.[28][29] NFL football defensive end Igor Olshansky has Star of David tattoos on each side of his neck, near his shoulders.[30][31][32]
Jewish world light heavyweight world champion boxer Mike "The Jewish Bomber" Rossman fought with a Star of David embroidered on his boxing trunks, and also has a blue Star of David tattoo on the outside of his right calf.[33][34][35][36] World heavyweight boxing champion Max Baer fought with a Star of David on his trunks as well, notably, for the first time as he knocked out Nazi Germany hero Max Schmeling in 1933; Hitler never permitted Scmheling to fight a Jew again. Other boxers who fought with Stars of David embroidered on their trunks to reflect their ethno-religious pride included world lightweight champion Benny "the Ghetto Wizard" Leonard (who said he felt as though he was fighting for all Jews), world light heavyweight boxing champion Battling Levinsky, Barney Ross (world champion as a lightweight, as a junior welterweight, and as a welterweight), world flyweight boxing champion Victor "Young" Peres ("Young"), and more recently World Boxing Association super welterweight champion Yuri Foreman.[37][33][38][39][40][41][42] Welterweight Dmitriy Salita even boxes under the nickname "Star of David".[43]
Teams
Béla Guttmann, footballer for Hakoah Vienna
Hakoah Vienna was a Jewish sports club founded in Vienna, Austria, in 1909 whose teams competed with the Star of David on the chest of their uniforms, and won the 1925 Austrian League soccer championship.[44] Similarly, The Philadelphia Sphas basketball team in Philadelphia (whose name was an acronym of its founding South Philadelphia Hebrew Association) wore a large Star of David on their jerseys to proudly proclaim their Jewish identity, as they competed in the first half of the 20th century.[45][46][47][48] Maccabi clubs still use the Star of David in their emblems.[49]
See also
• Anahata
• Chai symbol
• Flag of Israel
• G2 (mathematics)
• Merkaba
• Seal of Solomon
• Shatkona, an identical Hindu symbol.
• Star of Bethlehem
• Star of David theorem
• Star of Lakshmi
• Unicursal hexagram
Notes
• In Unicode, the "Star of David" symbol is U+2721 (✡).
• The world's largest Star of David (167 m = 547.9 feet (167.0 m) diameter) is in the Smokey Hills Weapons Range, Kansas, USA 38°43′04″N 97°48′24″W38.717704°N 97.80673°W
• At London Heathrow Airport in the early 1950's were built 6 runways in ✡ layout, each a bit over a mile long.
References
1. ^ Judaism A-Z Yacov Newman, Gavriel Sivan
2. ^ "Magen Dawid", Jewish Encyclopida [1], retrieved 2010 May 28.
3. ^ "King Solomon's Seal", MFA, King Solomon-s Seal.
4. ^ Herbert M. Adler, JQR, vol. 14:111. Cited in "Magen David", Jewish Encyclopedia [2], retrieved 2010, May 28.
5. ^ Ulmann.
6. ^ A similar term, "Shield of Abraham" appears in the first blessing of the "Amidah" prayer, which was written in early Rabbinic times (around year 1, a millennium before the first documentation of the term in reference to a six-point star). That term is probably based on Genesis 15:1, where God promises to shield Abraham.
7. ^ Eshkol Ha-Kofer by Judah Hadassi, 12th century CE
8. ^ Rabbi Blumenkrantz, "The Seder", The Laws of Pesach: A Digest 2010: Chap. 9. See also, [3], retrieved 2010 May 28.
9. ^ "Magen David", Ask the Rabbi [4], retrieved 2010, May 28.
10. ^ Simon Jacobson, op. ed., "Tzav-Passover: The Seder Plate", A Meaningful Life, [5], retrieved 2010 May 28.
11. ^ Gershom Scholem shows conclusively they do not form a hexagram. See, Hatakh ha-Zahav, Hotam Shelomoh u-Magen-David (Poalim, Hebrew) 1990:156.
12. ^ G.S. Oegema, Realms of Judaism. The history of the Shield of David, the birth of a symbol (Peter Lang, Germany, 1996) ISBN 3-631-30192-8
13. ^ Hatakh ha-Zahav, Hotam Shelomoh u-Magen-David (Poalim, 1990, Hebrew) p.156
14. ^ What is the Mystical Significance of the Star of David? By Rabbi Naftali Silberberg
15. ^ Schwandtner, Scriptores Rerum Hungaricarum, ii. 148
16. ^ Facsimile in M. Friedmann, Seder Eliyahu Rabbah ve-Seder Eliyahu Ztṭa, Vienna, 1901
17. ^ The National Flag at MFA
18. ^ Polizeiverordnung über die Kennzeichnung der Juden (came into force September 19, 1941)
19. ^ Geneva Vote Paves the Way for MDA Red Cross Membership, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 8-Dec-2005 [6]
20. ^ Magen David: Shield or Star? On Language, by Philologos, The Jewish Daily Forward June 30, 2006 [7]
21. ^ Paul Lukas (April 2, 2007). "Uni Watch: Passover edition – Page 2". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=lukas/070402. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
22. ^ "Sox pair weigh holiday play; councilor swept up". The Boston Globe. September 24, 2004. http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2004/09/24/sox_pair_weigh_holiday_play_councilor_swept_up/. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
23. ^ "Jewish Stars". Cleveland Jewish News. April 16, 2010. http://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/articles/2010/04/16/arts/jewish_stars/doc4bc77d3bbc236279484076.txt. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
24. ^ Ain, Stewart (September 8, 2006). "Fast Balls Keep Flying At Mel". The Jewish Week. http://www.thejewishweek.com/features/fast_balls_keep_flying_mel. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
25. ^ "It started as a great idea, then fate stepped in". Jewish Tribune. September 29, 2005. http://www.jewishtribune.ca/tribune/jt-050929-21.html. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
26. ^ Salkin, Allen. "Where have you gone, Sandy Koufax?". Charlotte.creativeloafing.com. http://charlotte.creativeloafing.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A4463. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
27. ^ "Amar’e Stoudemire’s Quest to Israel", The New York Times, August 3, 2010
28. ^ "Is Amare Stoudemire Jewish? Knick Shows Star Of David Tattoo, Wears Yarmulke (VIDEO)". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/02/is-amare-stoudemire-jewis_n_667712.html. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
29. ^ "Knicks star Amar'e Stoudemire keeps things kosher". The New York Post. August 20, 2010. http://www.nypost.com/p/pagesix/amar_keeps_things_kosher_nN6oBep1HNbfqp0JXVPmFP. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
30. ^ "Are you ready for some football? » Kaplan’s Korner on Jews and Sports". New Jersey Jewish News. September 14, 2009. http://njjewishnews.com/kaplanskorner/2009/09/14/are-you-ready-for-some-football/. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
31. ^ Whisler, John (August 1, 2009). "Cowboys add muscle on defense with Olshanksy". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/sports/6557606.html. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
32. ^ "Tenacious D – by Nisha Gopalan". Tablet Magazine. November 14, 2008. http://www.tabletmag.com/news-and-politics/3322/tenacious-d/. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
33. ^ a b The Big Book of Jewish Sports Heros: An Illustrated Compendium of Sports History and The 150 Greatest Jewish Sports Stars. SP Books. 2007. http://books.google.com/books?id=dDyEVDIA3aIC&pg=PA265&dq=%22star+of+david%22+baseball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=2G5cTdzYBoKglAfFoYTkCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
34. ^ "Dodger-Giant Rivalry Downright Nostalgic", The Spokesman-Review, September 24, 1978
35. ^ Volume 39. 2006. http://books.google.com/books?id=KpkpAQAAIAAJ&q=tattoo+%22star+of+david%22+boxer&dq=tattoo+%22star+of+david%22+boxer&hl=en&ei=52pcTbHAKcKclgfl1LTkCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAQ. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
36. ^ Pat Putnam (December 18, 1978). "Mom is Jewish, Dad is Italian, and Mike Rossman—the Star". Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1094435/3/index.htm. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
37. ^ The 1930s. Weigl Educational Publishers. 2000. http://books.google.com/books?id=0bTIwIJmOiUC&pg=PA28&dq=%22star+of+david%22+baseball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=F3JcTe3WBcGclgehwITnCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBDge#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20baseball%20-tattoo&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
38. ^ Triumph: the untold story of Jesse Owens and Hitler's Olympics. 2007. http://books.google.com/books?id=DSsdGalGcPMC&pg=PA85&dq=skater+%22star+of+david%22&hl=en&ei=CG5cTYP5MYGglAfDutzuCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=skater%20%22star%20of%20david%22&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
39. ^ Ellis Island to Ebbets Field: Sport and the American Jewish Experience. Oxford University Press. 1993. http://books.google.com/books?id=qjOYf1YAhaoC&pg=PA120&dq=%22star+of+david%22+baseball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=2G5cTdzYBoKglAfFoYTkCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
40. ^ "Realism for the masses: aesthetics, popular front pluralism, and U.S. culture, 1935–1947". 2009. http://books.google.com/books?id=oNKyvL7ccB4C&pg=PA7&dq=%22star+of+david%22+baseball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=F3JcTe3WBcGclgehwITnCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwADge#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
41. ^ Sport in America eBook, Volume II. http://books.google.com/books?id=LwdEP9ISuCEC&pg=PA295&dq=%22star+of+david%22+baseball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=F3JcTe3WBcGclgehwITnCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCTge#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20baseball%20-tattoo&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
42. ^ A Voice Called: Stories of Jewish Heroism. 2010. http://books.google.com/books?id=gKSLDHiWlZoC&pg=PA75&dq=%22star+of+david%22+boxer&hl=en&ei=xlBfTdWSCIiFtgfb4ZTlCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20boxer&f=false. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
43. ^ Isaac Barrio (July 19, 2006). "Dmitriy “STAR OF DAVID” Salita in Main Event". Hardcoreboxing.net. http://www.hardcoreboxing.net/SALITA7192006.htm. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
44. ^ Emancipation through muscles: Jews and sports in Europe. 2006. http://books.google.com/books?id=Iye9CDk0X_IC&pg=PA252&dq=%22star+of+david%22+baseball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=Y3ZcTYC7OYKclgf3w7DkCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAThQ#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
45. ^ Encyclopedia of American Jewish history. ABC-CLIO,. 2007. http://books.google.com/books?id=QV8YAQAAIAAJ&q=%22star+of+david%22+basketball+-tattoo&dq=%22star+of+david%22+basketball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=BX9cTfWHMoPGlQfZmrDlCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
46. ^ Outside the box: a memoir. Rodale. 2006. http://books.google.com/books?id=HuzYfr7aM5wC&pg=PA11&dq=%22star+of+david%22+basketball+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=BX9cTfWHMoPGlQfZmrDlCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20basketball%20-tattoo&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
47. ^ Philadelphia Jewish life, 1940–2000. Temple University Press. 2006. http://books.google.com/books?id=5zOJ_aZIcooC&pg=PA193&dq=%22star+of+david%22+hockey+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=QoJcTYTqD4L6lwfyp8zkCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20hockey%20-tattoo&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
48. ^ Encyclopedia of ethnicity and sports in the United States. 2000. http://books.google.com/books?id=xdV_JV1fbZMC&pg=PA360&dq=team+%22star+of+david%22&hl=en&ei=71leTaLHB5OUtwe-mu38Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=team%20%22star%20of%20david%22&f=false. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
49. ^ Football: a sociology of the global game. Wiley-Blackwell. 1999. http://books.google.com/books?id=dO1vJEAv1KQC&pg=PA12&dq=%22star+of+david%22+football+-tattoo&hl=en&ei=7XpcTY3JH4GKlwfzzNTlCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22star%20of%20david%22%20football%20-tattoo&f=false. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Star of David
• 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia on Jewish symbols
• The Archetypal Mandala of India of the Star of David
• The Mystical Significance of the Star of David
• Magen David: From mystical talisman to Zionist symbol -Ynetnews
Photo gallery
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Star in the Schneider Synagogue, Istanbul
•
Star in the Ari Ashkenazi Synagogue, Safed
Thursday, May 5, 2011
Feast Days
Feast of HaYahuwah as found in Leviticus 23
1And HA YAHUWAH spoke unto Moshe, saying,2Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, concerning the feasts of HA YAHUWAH, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are my feasts.
SHABBAT ESTABLISHED AS A WEEKLY EVERLSTING FEAST
3Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the Sabbath of rest, an holy convocation; ye shall do no work therein: it is the sabbath of HA YAHUWAH in all your dwellings. (Weekly)4These are the feasts of HA YAHUWAH, even holy convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons. (Seasonal)
PASSOVER
5In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is HA YAHUWAH's Passover. 6And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread unto HA YAHUWAH: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread.
7In the first day ye shall have an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
8But ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto HA YAHUWAH seven days: in the seventh day is an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
9And HA YAHUWAH spoke unto Moshe, saying,
WAVE OFFERING WHEN WE COME INTO THE LAND AND CONTINUALLY
10Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest unto the priest:
11And he shall wave the sheaf before HA YAHUWAH, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.
12And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto HA YAHUWAH.
13And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto HA YAHUWAH for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin.
14And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
35 DAYS COUNT- ELUL
15And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete: COUNTING OF THE 50 DAYS THEN MEAT OFFERING
16Even unto the morrow after the seventh sabbath shall ye number fifty days; and ye shall offer a new meat offering unto HA YAHUWAH. 17Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals; they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baked with leaven; they are the first fruits unto HA YAHUWAH.
18And ye shall offer with the bread seven lambs without blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be for a burnt offering unto HA YAHUWAH, with their meat offering, and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of sweet savour unto HA YAHUWAH.
19Then ye shall sacrifice one kid of the goats for a sin offering, and two lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings.
20And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the first fruits for a wave offering before HA YAHUWAH, with the two lambs: they shall be holy to HA YAHUWAH for the priest.
21And ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein: it shall be a statute for ever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.
22And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them unto the poor, and to the stranger: I am HA YAHUWAH your God.
THE SEVENTH MONTH 1st DAY = FEAST OF TRUMPHETS
23And HA YAHUWAH spoke unto Moshe, saying, 24Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a sabbath, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, an holy convocation.
25Ye shall do no servile work therein: but ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto HA YAHUWAH.
THE SEVENTH MONTH 10th DAY = DAY OF ATONEMENT
26And HA YAHUWAH spoke unto Moshe, saying, 27Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto HA YAHUWAH.
28And ye shall do no work in that same day: for it is a day of atonement, to make an atonement for you before HA YAHUWAH your God.
29For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be cut off from among his people.
30And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people.
31Ye shall do no manner of work: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
32It shall be unto you a sabbath of rest, and ye shall afflict your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even, from even unto even, shall ye celebrate your sabbath.
33And HA YAHUWAH spoke unto Moshe, saying,
THE SEVENTH MONTH 15th DAY = FEAST OF TABERNACLES
34Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the feast of tabernacles for seven days unto HA YAHUWAH. 35On the first day shall be an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
36Seven days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto HA YAHUWAH: on the eighth day shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto HA YAHUWAH: it is a solemn assembly; and ye shall do no servile work therein.
37These are the feasts of HA YAHUWAH, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire unto HA YAHUWAH, a burnt offering, and a meat offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing upon his day:
38Beside the sabbaths of HA YAHUWAH, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offerings, which ye give unto HA YAHUWAH.
THE SEVENTH MONTH 15th DAY = ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS TO DWELL IN BOOTHS 7 DAYS.
39Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when ye have gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a feast unto HA YAHUWAH seven days: on the first day shall be a sabbath, and on the eighth day shall be a sabbath. THE WAVING OF THE LULAV & ETROG
40And ye shall take you on the first day the boughs of goodly trees, branches of palm trees, and the boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and ye shall rejoice before HA YAHUWAH your God seven days. 41And ye shall keep it a feast unto HA YAHUWAH seven days in the year. It shall be a statute for ever in your generations: ye shall celebrate it in the seventh month.
42Ye shall dwell in booths seven days; all that are Israelites born shall dwell in booths:
WHY?
43That your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in booths, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am HA YAHUWAH your God.
44And Moshe declared unto the children of Israel the feasts of HA YAHUWAH.
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